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solar energy, radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. The total amount of solar energy incident on Earth is vastly in excess of the world’s current and anticipated energy requirements. If suitably harnessed, this highly diffused source has the potential to satisfy all future energy needs. In the 21st century solar energy is expected to become increasingly attractive as a renewable energy source because of its inexhaustible supply and its nonpolluting character, in stark contrast to the finite fossil fuels coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Thermal energy Among the most common devices used to capture solar energy and convert it to thermal energy are flat-plate collectors, which are used for solar heating applications. Because the intensity of solar radiation at Earth’s surface is so low, these collectors must be large in area
Electricity Generation Solar technology can take sunlight and change it into energy using photovoltaic (PV) solar panels or by concentrating the solar radiation using special mirrors. Individual particles of light are called photons. These are tiny packets of electromagnetic radiation that have different amounts of energy depending on how quickly they move. Photons are released by the sun during the process of nuclear fusion when hydrogen is converted to helium. If photons have enough energy, they can be harnessed to generate electricity.
Solar thermal energy (STE) technology captures solar energy and uses it for heat. There are three different categories of STE collectors: low, medium, and high temperature
Reference :https://www.icis.com/explore/commodities/energy/